Natural Induction: An Objective Bayesian Approach

نویسندگان

  • James O. Berger
  • José M. Bernardo
  • Dongchu Sun
چکیده

The statistical analysis of a sample taken from a finite population is a classic problem for which no generally accepted objective Bayesian results seem to exist. Bayesian solutions to this problem may be very sensitive to the choice of the prior, and there is no consensus as to the appropriate prior to use. This paper uses new developments in reference prior theory to justify and generalize Perks (1947) ([15]) ‘rule of succession’ — determining the probability that a new element from a population will have a property, given that all n previous elements from a random sample possessed the property — and to propose a new objective Bayesian solution to the ‘law of natural induction’ problem — determining the probability that all elements in a finite population have the property, given that all previous elements had the property. The prior used for the first problem is the reference prior for an underlying hypergeometric probability model, a prior first suggested by Jeffreys (1946) ([10]) and recently justified on the basis of an exchangeability argument in Berger, Bernardo and Sun (2009) ([4]). The reference prior in the second problem arises as a modification to this prior that results from declaring the quantity of interest to be whether or not all the elements in the finite population have the property under scrutiny. Inducción en las Ciencias de la Naturaleza: Una Solución Bayesiana Objetiva Resumen. El análisis estadı́stico de una muestra aleatoria extraı́da de una población finita es un problema clásico para el que no parece existir una solución bayesiana generalmente aceptada. Las soluciones bayesianas a este problema pueder ser muy sensibles a la elección de la distribución inicial, y no existe consenso sobre la distribución inicial que deberı́a ser utilizada. En este trabajo se hace uso de desarrollos recientes del análisis de referencia para justificar y generalizar la solución de Perks (1947) ([15]) a la ‘regla de sucesión’ — la probabilidad de que un nuevo elemento de la población tenga una propiedad si todos los elementos de una muestra aleatoria la tienen — y para proponer una nueva solución bayesiana objetiva a la ‘ley de inducción natural’, — la probabilidad de que todos los elementos de una población finita tengan una propiedad si todos los elementos de la muestra la tienen. La distribución inicial utilizada para el primer problema es la distribución de referencia para el modelo probabilı́stico hipergeométrico subyacente, una distribución inicial sugerida por Jeffreys (1946) ([10]) y recientemente justificada utilizando un argumento de intercambiabilidad en Berger, Bernardo and Sun (2009) ([4]). La distribución de referencia para el segundo problema se obtiene Presentado por / Submitted by Francisco Javier Girón González-Torre. Recibido / Received: 12 de febrero de 2009. Aceptado / Accepted: 4 de marzo de 2009. Palabras clave /

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Rejoinder on: Natural induction: An objective Bayesian approach

Girón and Moreno. We certainly agree with Professors Girón and Moreno on the interest in sensitivity of any Bayesian result to changes in the prior. That said, we also consider of considerable pragmatic importance to be able to single out a unique, particular prior which may reasonably be proposed as the reference prior for the problem under study, in the sense that the corresponding posterior ...

متن کامل

A New Acceptance Sampling Design Using Bayesian Modeling and Backwards Induction

In acceptance sampling plans, the decisions on either accepting or rejecting a specific batch is still a challenging problem. In order to provide a desired level of protection for customers as well as manufacturers, in this paper, a new acceptance sampling design is proposed to accept or reject a batch based on Bayesian modeling to update the distribution function of the percentage of nonconfor...

متن کامل

Bayesian Econometrics Approach in Determining of Effecting Factors on Pollution in Developing Countries (based on Environmental Performance Index)

Emphasis on sustainable development and the need to protect the environment as well as the adverse effects of environmental pollution on the quality of life have made environmental protection one of the main concerns of economic policymakers. For this purpose, approaches to improve the quality of the environment and the factors affecting it have triggered extensive theoretical and empirical stu...

متن کامل

Bayesian Econometrics Approach in Determining of Effecting Factors on Pollution in Developing Countries (based on Environmental Performance Index)

Emphasis on sustainable development and the need to protect the environment as well as the adverse effects of environmental pollution on the quality of life have made environmental protection one of the main concerns of economic policymakers. For this purpose, approaches to improve the quality of the environment and the factors affecting it have triggered extensive theoretical and empirical stu...

متن کامل

Genetic Properties of Some Economic Traits in Isfahan Native Fowl Using Bayesian and REML Methods

The objective of the present study was to estimate heritability values for some performance and egg quality traits of native fowl in Isfahan breeding center using REML and Bayesian approaches. The records were about 51521 and 975 for performance and egg quality traits, respectively. At the first step, variance components were estimated for body weight at hatch (BW0), body weight at 8 weeks of a...

متن کامل

Comments on: Natural induction: An objective Bayesian approach

Berger, Bernardo and Sun’s thought-provoking paper offers a Bayesian resolution to the difficult philosophical problem raised by inductive inference. In a nutshell, the philosophical problem plaguing inductive inference is that no finite number of past occurrences of an event can prove its continuing occurrence in the future. It is thus natural to seek probabilistic reassurance for our instinct...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2010